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Metoclopramide Injection BP

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Generic Name: Metoclopramide hydrochloride
Product Name: Metoclopramide Injection BP

Indication

Adults <20yrs
Metoclopramide can be used to assist in medical procedures including x-ray of stomach and duodenum and intestinal intubation.
It is also used to control nausea and vomiting due to:
– drugs than cause vomiting (including chemotherapy)
– excess urea and creatinine in plasma (uraemia)
– radiation sickness
– cancer
– postoperative vomiting
– labour
– infectious diseases
It has not been shown to be of any use in motion sickness or vestibular disorders.
Intramuscular injection of Metoclopramide facilitates the absorption of other drugs including aspirin, which may be useful in the treatment of migraine.
It may be used to prevent gastric retention following gastric surgery, and delayed stomach emptying in uncontrolled diabetes.
Young adults and children
Use of Metoclopramide should be restricted to the following indications:
– severe intractable vomiting of known cause
– vomiting associated with radiotherapy and cytotoxic drugs
– as an aid to gastrointestinal intubation

Action

Metoclopramide is an antiemetic agent. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, Metoclopramide appears to increase the sensitivity of the tissues to acetylcholine, a chemical messenger. It stimulates motility of the stomach, duodenum and upper small intestine, which facilitates emptying of the stomach. It also increases the tone of the oesophageal sphincter, preventing upward movement of stomach contents. The motility of the colon is largely unaffected, meaning Metoclopramide is unlikely to cause diarrhoea. The blockade of another chemical messenger, dopamine, may result in some of the side effects of Metoclopramide, including sedation.

Dose advice

Total daily dosage should not exceed 0.5mg/kg.
Medical indications
Oral
– adults >20 years: 10mg three times daily
Young adults and children:
– the oral solution of Maxolon allows accurate dosing
– tablets should not be used in children under the age of 15
– 15-20 years: 5-10mg three times daily
– 5-14 years: 2.5-4mg three times a day
– 3-5 years: 2mg 2-3 times a day
– 1-3 years: 1mg 2-3 times a day
– under 1 year: 1mg twice a day
Intravenous
– above dosages should be used
– can be given IM or by slow intravenous injection (1-2minutes)
Diagnostic indications
– single dose of Metoclopramide should be given 5-10 minutes before the examination
– adults over 20 years: 10-20mg
– 15-20 years: 10mg
– 9-14 years: 5mg
– 5-9 years: 2.5mg
– 3-5 years: 2mg
– under 3 years: 10mg
Impaired renal or hepatic function
Significant degrees of renal or hepatic dysfunction may require smaller doses. Half the daily dose is a recommended starting point. Subsequent dosing should depend on clinical response.

Schedule

S4

Common side effects

– restlessness
– drowsiness
– dizziness
– headache

Uncommon side effects

– tremor
– uncontrolled muscle movements
– change in muscle tone (stiffness/floppiness)
– changes in blood pressure
– increased secretion of prolactin, which may lead to excess milk production and leakage
– diarrhoea
– constipation
– depression
– increased heart rate


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For further information talk to your doctor.


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Dates

Posted On: 10 March, 2005
Modified On: 1 January, 1970


Created by: myVMC