Ciprofloxacin-BC
Generic Name: Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Product Name: Ciprofloxacin-BC
Indication
Used for the treatment of infections caused by pathogens susceptible to Ciprofloxacin.
Including: Urinary tract infections; gonorrhoeal urethritis and cervicitis, gastroenteritis, bronchial infections, skin and connective tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and chronic bacterial prostatitis.
Used for post-exposure treatment of inhalational anthrax
Action
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic, broad-spectrum, quinolone antibiotic. Its bactericidal action is due interference with the bacterial enzyme, DNA gyrase. It is active against a variety of Gram negative and Gram positive micro-organisms.
Oral:
Ciprofloxacin tablets are well absorbed from the gut, with an absolute bioavailability approaching 70%. Maximum serum concentrations are achieved 1-2 hours after oral dosing. Ciprofloxacin is widely distributed throughout the body and 20-40% of the drug is protein bound. Serum elimination half life in normal healthy patients is about 4 hours. Ciprofloxacin is partly metabolised (metabolites have less antimicrobial activity than the parent drug) and excreted in the urine. 40-50% of the oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, and urinary excretion is essentially complete within 24 hours. 20-35% of the oral dose is recovered from the faeces within 5 days.
Half life is only slightly increased with mild renal dysfunction, and dose adjustment is unnecessary. In patients with severe renal impairment (e.g, Creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min) the half life is almost doubled and doses should be adjusted accordingly.
Dose advice
Oral:
- Urinary tract infections: 250 mg every 12 hours. Complicated infections caused by pathogens with poor susceptibility may be treated with 500 mg every 12 hours.
- Bronchial infections, skin and connective tissue infections: 500 mg every 12 hours. Complicated infections may be treated with 750 mg every 12 hours.
- Bone and joint infections: 750 mg every 12 hours.
- Gastroenteritis (infectious diarrhoea) 500 mg every 12 hours.
- Acute, uncomplicated gonorrhoeal urethritis: 250 mg stat.
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis 250-500 mg every 12 hours.
Inhalational anthrax (postexposure):
- Adults: 500 mg every 12 hours
- Children: 15 mg/kg (< 500 mg per dose) every 12 hours.
- Impaired renal function: Dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with compromised kidney function.
- Creatinine clearance 31-60 mL/min/1.73 m2: maximum oral daily dose 1 g per day. Creatinine clearance
Common side effects
- Local reactions at the intravenous site.
- Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, epigastric pain, bad taste, difficulty swallowing drug, gastric irritation
- Headache, dizziness, light headedness. Ciprofloxacin can impair responsiveness and alter ability to drive or operate machinery.
- Rash, itch, vaginitis.
- Agitation, restlessness, tremor, weakness.
Uncommon side effects
- Oral and cutaneous candidiasis
- Photosensitivity
- Perspiration
- Flushing
- Papules
- Petechiae
- Vasculitis
- Erythema multiforme/Stevens Johnson syndrome
- Hyperpigmentation
- Haemorrhagic bullae
- Anorexia
- Constipation
- Ileus
- Jaundice
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Somnolence
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Weakness
- Paranoia
- Twitching
- Hot flushes
- Migraine
- Angina
- Disturbed vision, hearing, taste or smell
- Gout flare-up
- Dysuria
- Changes in haematology and hepatic and renal biochemistry laboratory parameters
- Severe
- Cardiovascular collapse, cardiopulmonary arrest, syncope, arrhythmia, hypertension
- Hepatic necrosis
- Intestinal perforation
- Pancreatitis
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- Convulsive seizures
- Psychotic reaction
- Depersonalisation
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Serum sickness-like reaction
- Dyspnoea, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion
- Interstitial nephritis
- Renal failure
- Acidosis
- Candiduria
- Haemorrhagic cystitis
- Urethral bleeding
For further information talk to your doctor.
Dates
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